Vocabulario B2 y C1

💼 Empleo y economía

176 recursos

Términos profesionales sobre el mercado laboral, economía, finanzas y desarrollo de carrera. Clave para cartas formales y Speaking de exámenes oficiales.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

employment

empleo

"Employment levels have improved since last year."

B2/C1

unemployment

desempleo

"Unemployment is particularly high among young people."

B2/C1

job

trabajo / puesto

"She found a job in a marketing agency."

B2/C1

position

puesto

"He applied for a senior position in the company."

B2/C1

vacancy

vacante

"There is a vacancy in the finance department."

B2/C1

occupation

ocupación / profesión

"Teaching is a demanding but rewarding occupation."

B2/C1

profession

profesión

"Law is a highly respected profession."

B2/C1

career

carrera profesional

"She built a successful career in technology."

B2/C1

workplace

lugar de trabajo

"The workplace should be safe and inclusive."

B2/C1

workforce

plantilla / mano de obra

"The company has a diverse workforce."

B2/C1

employee

empleado

"Every employee received additional training."

B2/C1

employer

empleador

"A good employer listens to staff concerns."

B2/C1

staff

personal

"The hotel needs extra staff during the summer."

B2/C1

worker

trabajador

"Workers demanded better conditions."

B2/C1

colleague

compañero de trabajo

"My colleagues helped me finish the project."

B2/C1

manager

gerente / encargado

"The manager organised a meeting with the team."

B2/C1

boss

jefe

"My boss gave me useful feedback."

B2/C1

supervisor

"The supervisor checked the quality of the work."

B2/C1

director

"The director approved the new strategy."

B2/C1

executive

ejecutivo

"Senior executives discussed the merger."

B2/C1

entrepreneur

emprendedor

"The entrepreneur launched her first business at twenty."

B2/C1

freelancer

autónomo / freelance

"Many designers work as freelancers."

B2/C1

intern

becario

"The intern helped prepare the presentation."

B2/C1

trainee

aprendiz / empleado en prácticas

"Trainees receive practical training on the job."

B2/C1

applicant

solicitante

"The applicant had excellent communication skills."

B2/C1

candidate

candidato

"Only three candidates were invited to the final interview."

B2/C1

recruitment

contratación

"Recruitment can be expensive for small businesses."

B2/C1

hire

contratar

"The company plans to hire more engineers."

B2/C1

employ

emplear

"The factory employs over two hundred people."

B2/C1

recruit

reclutar

"They recruited graduates from several universities."

B2/C1

take on

contratar / asumir

"The firm took on five new employees."

B2/C1

contract

contrato

"She signed a permanent contract."

B2/C1

temporary contract

contrato temporal

"He accepted a temporary contract for six months."

B2/C1

permanent contract

contrato indefinido

"A permanent contract offers greater stability."

B2/C1

part-time

a tiempo parcial

"She works part-time while studying."

B2/C1

full-time

a tiempo completo

"He has a full-time job in finance."

B2/C1

shift

turno

"Nurses often work long shifts."

B2/C1

overtime

horas extra

"They paid him extra for overtime."

B2/C1

flexitime

horario flexible

"Flexitime helps employees balance work and family life."

B2/C1

remote work

trabajo remoto

"Remote work became more common after the pandemic."

B2/C1

hybrid work

trabajo híbrido

"Hybrid work combines office days with remote work."

B2/C1

commute

desplazarse al trabajo

"She commutes by train every morning."

B2/C1

workload

carga de trabajo

"The workload was too heavy for one person."

B2/C1

deadline

fecha límite

"We must finish the report before the deadline."

B2/C1

task

tarea

"Each team member was given a specific task."

B2/C1

responsibility

responsabilidad

"Her main responsibility is managing client accounts."

B2/C1

duty

deber / función

"It is your duty to follow safety procedures."

B2/C1

role

papel / puesto

"His role involves training new employees."

B2/C1

skill

habilidad

"Digital skills are essential in most jobs."

B2/C1

ability

capacidad

"The job requires the ability to solve problems quickly."

B2/C1

experience

experiencia

"She has years of experience in sales."

B2/C1

qualification

cualificación / título

"The position requires a university qualification."

B2/C1

degree

título universitario

"He has a degree in economics."

B2/C1

training

formación

"All new staff receive basic training."

B2/C1

promotion

ascenso

"She received a promotion after two years."

B2/C1

promote

ascender / promocionar

"The company promoted him to team leader."

B2/C1

demote

degradar

"He was demoted after poor performance."

B2/C1

raise

aumento de sueldo

"She asked for a raise after taking on more duties."

B2/C1

bonus

bonificación

"Employees received a bonus at the end of the year."

B2/C1

salary

salario

"The salary is competitive for the industry."

B2/C1

wage

salario por hora

"The minimum wage increased this year."

B2/C1

income

ingresos

"Their household income has fallen."

B2/C1

earnings

ganancias / ingresos

"The company reported higher earnings."

B2/C1

pay

paga / sueldo

"The pay is good, but the hours are long."

B2/C1

pay rise

subida salarial

"Workers are demanding a pay rise."

B2/C1

pay cut

recorte salarial

"Executives accepted a pay cut during the crisis."

B2/C1

minimum wage

salario mínimo

"Many workers survive on the minimum wage."

B2/C1

pension

pensión

"A private pension can provide extra security."

B2/C1

retirement

jubilación

"She is saving money for retirement."

B2/C1

retire

jubilarse

"He hopes to retire at sixty-five."

B2/C1

resign

dimitir / renunciar

"The director resigned after the scandal."

B2/C1

quit

dejar / renunciar

"She quit her job to travel."

B2/C1

leave

dejar / marcharse

"He left the company last month."

B2/C1

dismiss

despedir

"The employee was dismissed for misconduct."

B2/C1

fire

despedir

"They fired him for repeatedly arriving late."

B2/C1

sack

despedir informalmente

"He was sacked after arguing with a client."

B2/C1

make redundant

despedir por reducción de plantilla

"She was made redundant when the branch closed."

B2/C1

redundancy

despido por reducción de plantilla

"Redundancy can be a stressful experience."

B2/C1

layoff

despido colectivo

"The company announced several layoffs."

B2/C1

strike

huelga

"The strike lasted for three days."

B2/C1

union

sindicato

"The union negotiated better working conditions."

B2/C1

labour rights

derechos laborales

"Labour rights protect employees from exploitation."

B2/C1

working conditions

condiciones laborales

"Poor working conditions can affect mental health."

B2/C1

job security

estabilidad laboral

"Job security is important for young families."

B2/C1

job satisfaction

satisfacción laboral

"Job satisfaction depends on more than salary."

B2/C1

burnout

agotamiento laboral

"Burnout is common in high-pressure jobs."

B2/C1

stress

estrés

"Work-related stress can affect productivity."

B2/C1

productivity

productividad

"Productivity increased after the new software was introduced."

B2/C1

efficiency

eficiencia

"Efficiency is essential in a competitive market."

B2/C1

performance

rendimiento

"Her performance improved after training."

B2/C1

target

objetivo

"The sales team met its monthly target."

B2/C1

goal

📱 Tecnología y comunicación

175 recursos

Léxico para debatir sobre tecnología, redes sociales, inteligencia artificial, medios y privacidad digital. Muy común en Use of English y essays.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

technology

tecnología

"Technology has transformed the way we communicate."

B2/C1

device

dispositivo

"This device can track your heart rate."

B2/C1

gadget

aparato / gadget

"He loves buying the latest gadgets."

B2/C1

screen

pantalla

"The screen is bright enough to use outdoors."

B2/C1

keyboard

teclado

"The keyboard is comfortable for long writing sessions."

B2/C1

mouse

ratón

"The wireless mouse connects automatically."

B2/C1

laptop

portátil

"She bought a new laptop for university."

B2/C1

desktop computer

ordenador de sobremesa

"A desktop computer is often more powerful than a laptop."

B2/C1

tablet

tableta

"The tablet is useful for reading and taking notes."

B2/C1

smartphone

teléfono inteligente

"Most teenagers own a smartphone."

B2/C1

charger

cargador

"I forgot my charger at home."

B2/C1

battery

batería

"The battery lasts for more than ten hours."

B2/C1

storage

almacenamiento

"Cloud storage makes it easier to share files."

B2/C1

memory

memoria

"The phone has enough memory for all my apps."

B2/C1

processor

procesador

"A faster processor improves performance."

B2/C1

software

software / programa

"The software needs to be updated regularly."

B2/C1

hardware

hardware / componentes físicos

"Hardware problems are harder to fix remotely."

B2/C1

app

aplicación

"The app helps students organise their tasks."

B2/C1

application

aplicación

"This application is used for video editing."

B2/C1

platform

plataforma

"Each platform has a different audience."

B2/C1

website

página web

"The website contains free learning resources."

B2/C1

webpage

página web individual

"The webpage loaded slowly on my phone."

B2/C1

browser

navegador

"Clear your browser history if the page does not load."

B2/C1

search engine

motor de búsqueda

"A search engine helps users find information online."

B2/C1

link

enlace

"Click the link to access the document."

B2/C1

upload

subir / cargar

"You need to upload the file before midnight."

B2/C1

download

descargar

"The video took several minutes to download."

B2/C1

file

archivo

"The file was too large to send by email."

B2/C1

folder

carpeta

"Save the documents in the correct folder."

B2/C1

backup

copia de seguridad

"Always make a backup of important files."

B2/C1

database

base de datos

"The database stores customer information."

B2/C1

server

servidor

"The server crashed during the sale."

B2/C1

network

red

"The office network was temporarily unavailable."

B2/C1

connection

conexión

"The internet connection is unstable."

B2/C1

signal

señal

"The signal is weak in rural areas."

B2/C1

coverage

cobertura

"Mobile coverage is poor in the mountains."

B2/C1

wireless

inalámbrico

"Wireless headphones are convenient for commuting."

B2/C1

bluetooth

Bluetooth

"Bluetooth allows devices to connect without cables."

B2/C1

password

contraseña

"Choose a strong password for every account."

B2/C1

username

nombre de usuario

"I forgot my username for the platform."

B2/C1

account

cuenta

"She created an account to access the course."

B2/C1

profile

perfil

"His profile picture looks professional."

B2/C1

settings

ajustes / configuración

"You can change the language in settings."

B2/C1

privacy

privacidad

"Privacy is a major concern on social media."

B2/C1

security

seguridad

"Online security should never be ignored."

B2/C1

cybersecurity

ciberseguridad

"Cybersecurity protects systems from digital attacks."

B2/C1

firewall

cortafuegos

"A firewall blocks suspicious traffic."

B2/C1

virus

virus informático

"The virus damaged several files."

B2/C1

malware

software malicioso

"Malware can steal personal information."

B2/C1

phishing

suplantación / phishing

"Phishing emails often look realistic."

B2/C1

scam

estafa

"The message was part of an online scam."

B2/C1

hacker

pirata informático

"The hacker gained access to private data."

B2/C1

data

datos

"Companies collect huge amounts of data."

B2/C1

personal data

datos personales

"Personal data must be handled carefully."

B2/C1

data breach

filtración de datos

"The data breach affected thousands of users."

B2/C1

encryption

cifrado

"Encryption protects sensitive information."

B2/C1

authentication

autenticación

"Two-factor authentication improves account security."

B2/C1

verification

verificación

"The website requires email verification."

B2/C1

code

código

"The code contained several errors."

B2/C1

programming

programación

"Programming requires logic and patience."

B2/C1

developer

desarrollador

"The developer fixed the bug quickly."

B2/C1

engineer

ingeniero

"A software engineer designed the system."

B2/C1

algorithm

algoritmo

"The algorithm recommends videos based on your behaviour."

B2/C1

automation

automatización

"Automation can save time in repetitive tasks."

B2/C1

artificial intelligence

inteligencia artificial

"Artificial intelligence is changing many industries."

B2/C1

machine learning

aprendizaje automático

"Machine learning systems improve with data."

B2/C1

robot

"The robot can perform simple household tasks."

B2/C1

innovation

innovación

"Technological innovation can improve people's lives."

B2/C1

invention

invento

"The invention changed the history of communication."

B2/C1

digital

"Digital documents are easier to store."

B2/C1

virtual

"They held a virtual meeting with the client."

B2/C1

online

en línea

"Online learning offers flexibility."

B2/C1

offline

sin conexión

"You can use the app offline."

B2/C1

remote

remoto

"Remote access allows employees to work from home."

B2/C1

automatic

automático

"The doors open automatically."

B2/C1

manual

"The manual explains how to set up the device."

B2/C1

update

actualización

"The update fixed several security issues."

B2/C1

upgrade

mejora / actualizar

"They upgraded the computers in the lab."

B2/C1

install

instalar

"You need to install the program first."

B2/C1

uninstall

desinstalar

"I had to uninstall the app because it kept crashing."

B2/C1

restart

reiniciar

"Restart the computer and try again."

B2/C1

crash

fallar / bloquearse

"The app crashed during the exam."

B2/C1

bug

error informático

"The developer found a bug in the code."

B2/C1

error

"An error appeared on the screen."

B2/C1

glitch

fallo técnico

"A small glitch delayed the presentation."

B2/C1

feature

función / característica

"The new feature makes the app easier to use."

B2/C1

function

función

"This function allows users to export data."

B2/C1

tool

herramienta

"The tool is useful for creating presentations."

B2/C1

interface

interfaz

"The interface is simple and intuitive."

B2/C1

design

diseño

"Good design improves the user experience."

B2/C1

user

usuario

"The user must accept the terms and conditions."

B2/C1

user-friendly

fácil de usar

"The platform is very user-friendly."

B2/C1

access

acceso / acceder

"Students have access to premium materials."

B2/C1

permission

permiso

"The app needs permission to use the camera."

B2/C1

notification

notificación

"I received a notification about the update."

B2/C1

message

mensaje

"She sent me a message through the app."

B2/C1

correo electrónico

"Email is still widely used at work."

B2/C1

inbox

bandeja de entrada

"My inbox is full of unread messages."

B2/C1

attachment

archivo adjunto

"The report was sent as an attachment."

B2/C1

spam

correo no deseado

"The email went straight to spam."

B2/C1

newsletter

boletín

"I subscribed to a weekly newsletter."

B2/C1

post

publicación

"Her post went viral overnight."

B2/C1

comment

comentario

"The comment received hundreds of likes."

B2/C1

me gusta

"The photo got more than a thousand likes."

B2/C1

"Users can share the article with one click."

B2/C1

follower

seguidor

"The influencer gained many new followers."

B2/C1

subscriber

suscriptor

"The channel has over one million subscribers."

B2/C1

content

contenido

"High-quality content attracts more viewers."

B2/C1

creator

creador

"The creator posted a tutorial about studying."

B2/C1

influencer

"The influencer promoted a productivity app."

B2/C1

audience

audiencia

"The audience reacted positively to the video."

B2/C1

engagement

interacción

"Engagement is important on social media."

B2/C1

viral

"The video became viral in a few hours."

B2/C1

trend

tendencia

"Short videos are a major trend online."

B2/C1

broadcast

transmitir / emisión

"The event was broadcast live."

B2/C1

livestream

transmisión en directo

"The livestream attracted thousands of viewers."

B2/C1

podcast

"She listens to a podcast while walking."

B2/C1

headline

titular

"The headline caught my attention."

B2/C1

article

artículo

"The article explained the issue clearly."

B2/C1

source

fuente

"Always check the source before sharing news."

B2/C1

fake news

noticias falsas

"Fake news spreads quickly online."

B2/C1

misinformation

desinformación

"Misinformation can influence public opinion."

B2/C1

rumour

rumor

"The rumour spread across social media."

B2/C1

claim

afirmación

"The claim was not supported by evidence."

B2/C1

anuncio

"The advertisement appeared before the video."

B2/C1

campaign

campaña

"The campaign targeted young consumers."

B2/C1

brand

marca

"The brand built a strong online presence."

B2/C1

review

reseña

"I read several reviews before buying the phone."

B2/C1

rating

valoración

"The app has a high rating in the store."

B2/C1

feedback

comentarios / opinión

"User feedback helped improve the website."

B2/C1

communication

comunicación

"Clear communication prevents misunderstandings."

B2/C1

conversation

conversación

"The conversation moved from email to video call."

B2/C1

discussion

debate / discusión

"The online discussion became heated."

B2/C1

debate

"The debate focused on data privacy."

B2/C1

argument

argumento / discusión

"His argument was logical but incomplete."

B2/C1

point of view

punto de vista

"Everyone shared a different point of view."

B2/C1

opinion

opinión

"Her opinion changed after reading the report."

B2/C1

statement

declaración

"The company released a public statement."

B2/C1

announcement

anuncio / comunicado

"The announcement surprised many users."

B2/C1

speech

discurso

"The speech focused on technological progress."

B2/C1

presentation

presentación

"The presentation included several charts."

B2/C1

explanation

explicación

"The teacher gave a clear explanation."

B2/C1

instruction

instrucción

"Read the instructions before installing the software."

B2/C1

tutorial

"The tutorial shows how to edit videos."

B2/C1

demonstration

demostración

"The demonstration proved that the system worked."

B2/C1

conference

conferencia

"The conference covered recent advances in AI."

B2/C1

webinar

seminario web

"The webinar was aimed at small businesses."

B2/C1

meeting

reunión

"The meeting took place on Zoom."

B2/C1

video call

videollamada

"We had a video call with the client."

B2/C1

mute

silenciar

"Please mute your microphone during the talk."

B2/C1

camera

cámara

"The camera quality is excellent."

B2/C1

microphone

micrófono

"The microphone stopped working during the call."

B2/C1

speaker

altavoz / ponente

"The speaker answered questions from the audience."

B2/C1

volume

volumen

"Turn down the volume, please."

B2/C1

sound

sonido

"The sound quality was poor."

B2/C1

image

imagen

"The image was too blurry to read."

B2/C1

resolution

resolución

"Higher resolution makes the picture clearer."

B2/C1

graphics

gráficos

"The game has impressive graphics."

B2/C1

virtual reality

realidad virtual

"Virtual reality can be used in education."

B2/C1

augmented reality

realidad aumentada

"Augmented reality adds digital elements to the real world."

B2/C1

chatbot

chatbot / asistente virtual

"The chatbot answered most customer queries automatically."

B2/C1

cloud computing

computación en la nube

"Cloud computing allows files to be accessed from any device."

B2/C1

big data

macrodatos

"Companies use big data to predict consumer behaviour."

B2/C1

blockchain

cadena de bloques

"Blockchain technology ensures transparent transactions."

B2/C1

cryptocurrency

criptomoneda

"Cryptocurrency values can change dramatically overnight."

B2/C1

digital divide

brecha digital

"The digital divide leaves many people without internet access."

B2/C1

screen time

tiempo de pantalla

"Children's screen time has increased significantly."

B2/C1

digital literacy

alfabetización digital

"Digital literacy is now considered an essential skill."

B2/C1

biometrics

biometría

"Biometrics such as fingerprints are used to unlock smartphones."

B2/C1

facial recognition

reconocimiento facial

"Facial recognition technology raises serious privacy concerns."

B2/C1

deepfake

deepfake / vídeo manipulado con IA

"Deepfakes can make it difficult to distinguish real from fake video."

B2/C1

streaming

transmisión en streaming

"Streaming has replaced traditional television for many viewers."

B2/C1

wearable technology

tecnología portátil

"Wearable technology can monitor health in real time."

B2/C1

algorithm bias

sesgo algorítmico

"Algorithm bias can reinforce discrimination."

B2/C1

subscription model

modelo de suscripción

"The subscription model generates reliable monthly income."

👵 Salud, deporte y estilo de vida

175 recursos

Léxico avanzado sobre salud, medicina, bienestar, deportes y el estilo de vida contemporáneo.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

health

salud

"Good health depends on daily habits."

B2/C1

well-being

bienestar

"Exercise can improve your well-being."

B2/C1

fitness

forma física

"Fitness requires consistency and patience."

B2/C1

lifestyle

estilo de vida

"A healthy lifestyle reduces the risk of disease."

B2/C1

habit

hábito

"Drinking enough water is a simple habit."

B2/C1

routine

rutina

"Her morning routine includes stretching."

B2/C1

diet

dieta

"A balanced diet gives your body energy."

B2/C1

nutrition

nutrición

"Nutrition plays a key role in sports performance."

B2/C1

calorie

caloría

"The app tracks calories and nutrients."

B2/C1

protein

proteína

"Protein helps repair muscles after training."

B2/C1

carbohydrate

carbohidrato

"Carbohydrates provide energy for long workouts."

B2/C1

fat

grasa

"Healthy fats are important for the body."

B2/C1

vitamin

vitamina

"Vitamin D is important for bones."

B2/C1

mineral

"Iron is an essential mineral."

B2/C1

hydration

hidratación

"Hydration is crucial during exercise."

B2/C1

meal

comida

"She prepares every meal in advance."

B2/C1

breakfast

desayuno

"Breakfast gives you energy for the morning."

B2/C1

lunch

almuerzo

"He usually has lunch at work."

B2/C1

dinner

cena

"Dinner was light but nutritious."

B2/C1

snack

tentempié

"A banana is a good pre-workout snack."

B2/C1

appetite

apetito

"Stress can affect your appetite."

B2/C1

craving

antojo

"She had a craving for chocolate."

B2/C1

portion

porción

"Smaller portions can help control weight."

B2/C1

ingredient

ingrediente

"Fresh ingredients make meals healthier."

B2/C1

recipe

receta

"This recipe is quick and healthy."

B2/C1

processed food

comida procesada

"Processed food often contains too much salt."

B2/C1

junk food

comida basura

"Junk food should be eaten only occasionally."

B2/C1

balanced

equilibrado

"A balanced meal includes protein, vegetables and carbohydrates."

B2/C1

obesity

obesidad

"Obesity increases the risk of heart disease."

B2/C1

overweight

con sobrepeso

"Being overweight can affect mobility."

B2/C1

underweight

bajo de peso

"The doctor said he was underweight."

B2/C1

weight

peso

"Her weight has remained stable."

B2/C1

height

altura

"Height and weight are used to calculate BMI."

B2/C1

body fat

grasa corporal

"Body fat percentage is more useful than weight alone."

B2/C1

muscle

músculo

"Strength training helps build muscle."

B2/C1

strength

fuerza

"He improved his strength with regular training."

B2/C1

stamina

resistencia

"Running improves stamina."

B2/C1

endurance

resistencia

"Endurance is essential for long competitions."

B2/C1

flexibility

flexibilidad

"Yoga can improve flexibility."

B2/C1

mobility

movilidad

"Good mobility reduces the risk of injury."

B2/C1

balance

equilibrio

"Balance exercises are important for older adults."

B2/C1

coordination

coordinación

"Team sports improve coordination."

B2/C1

speed

velocidad

"Speed is important in sprinting."

B2/C1

pace

ritmo

"She maintained a steady pace throughout the race."

B2/C1

performance

rendimiento

"Sleep has a direct effect on performance."

B2/C1

progress

progreso

"Progress can be slow but rewarding."

B2/C1

goal

objetivo

"His goal is to finish the race."

B2/C1

challenge

reto

"The marathon was a huge challenge."

B2/C1

competition

competición

"The competition attracted athletes from several countries."

B2/C1

tournament

torneo

"The tournament will take place next weekend."

B2/C1

match

partido

"The match ended in a draw."

B2/C1

game

partido / juego

"The game was exciting until the final minute."

B2/C1

score

marcador / puntuación

"The final score was three to two."

B2/C1

team

equipo

"The team trained together every day."

B2/C1

teammate

compañero de equipo

"Her teammates supported her after the mistake."

B2/C1

opponent

oponente

"His opponent was stronger than expected."

B2/C1

coach

entrenador

"The coach designed a new training plan."

B2/C1

referee

árbitro

"The referee stopped the match after the foul."

B2/C1

foul

falta

"The player committed a serious foul."

B2/C1

victory

victoria

"The victory gave the team confidence."

B2/C1

defeat

derrota

"The defeat was disappointing but useful."

B2/C1

draw

empate

"The match finished in a draw."

B2/C1

championship

campeonato

"They won the national championship."

B2/C1

medal

medalla

"She won a silver medal."

B2/C1

record

récord

"He broke the world record."

B2/C1

athlete

atleta

"The athlete trains six days a week."

B2/C1

runner

corredor

"The runner crossed the finish line exhausted."

B2/C1

cyclist

ciclista

"The cyclist climbed the hill quickly."

B2/C1

swimmer

nadador

"The swimmer improved her technique."

B2/C1

gym

gimnasio

"He goes to the gym after work."

B2/C1

workout

entrenamiento

"The workout lasted forty minutes."

B2/C1

exercise

ejercicio

"Regular exercise improves mental health."

B2/C1

training

entrenamiento

"Training should include rest days."

B2/C1

warm-up

calentamiento

"A proper warm-up prevents injuries."

B2/C1

cool-down

vuelta a la calma

"The cool-down helped reduce muscle stiffness."

B2/C1

stretching

estiramientos

"Stretching can improve flexibility."

B2/C1

strength training

entrenamiento de fuerza

"Strength training is useful for all ages."

B2/C1

cardio

"Cardio improves heart health."

B2/C1

weightlifting

levantamiento de pesas

"Weightlifting requires good technique."

B2/C1

running

correr

"Running is a cheap and effective sport."

B2/C1

cycling

ciclismo

"Cycling is gentle on the joints."

B2/C1

swimming

natación

"Swimming works the whole body."

B2/C1

hiking

senderismo

"Hiking is a great way to enjoy nature."

B2/C1

yoga

"Yoga helps reduce stress."

B2/C1

pilates

"Pilates strengthens the core."

B2/C1

injury

lesión

"The injury kept him out for two months."

B2/C1

pain

dolor

"She felt pain in her knee."

B2/C1

ache

dolor leve

"I have a backache after sitting all day."

B2/C1

soreness

agujetas / dolor muscular

"Muscle soreness is normal after intense training."

B2/C1

swelling

hinchazón

"The swelling disappeared after a few days."

B2/C1

bruise

moratón

"He had a bruise on his arm."

B2/C1

cut

corte

"Clean the cut before covering it."

B2/C1

wound

herida

"The wound healed slowly."

B2/C1

sprain

esguince

"She suffered an ankle sprain."

B2/C1

strain

distensión muscular

"A muscle strain can take weeks to heal."

B2/C1

fracture

fractura

"The X-ray showed a small fracture."

B2/C1

break

rotura

"He had a break in his left arm."

B2/C1

recover

recuperarse

"She recovered faster than expected."

B2/C1

recovery

recuperación

"Recovery is part of training."

B2/C1

rest

descanso

"Rest is essential after hard exercise."

B2/C1

sleep

sueño / dormir

"Sleep affects concentration and mood."

B2/C1

insomnia

insomnio

"Insomnia can reduce energy levels."

B2/C1

fatigue

fatiga

"Fatigue is common after overtraining."

B2/C1

exhaustion

agotamiento

"Exhaustion can be dangerous if ignored."

B2/C1

tiredness

cansancio

"Tiredness made it hard to focus."

B2/C1

energy

energía

"A good breakfast gives you energy."

B2/C1

motivation

motivación

"Motivation often increases when you see progress."

B2/C1

discipline

disciplina

"Discipline is more reliable than motivation."

B2/C1

consistency

constancia

"Consistency is the key to improvement."

B2/C1

effort

esfuerzo

"Success requires effort and patience."

B2/C1

determination

determinación

"Her determination impressed everyone."

B2/C1

confidence

confianza

"Winning the race boosted his confidence."

B2/C1

pressure

presión

"Athletes must learn to deal with pressure."

B2/C1

stress

estrés

"Exercise helps reduce stress."

B2/C1

anxiety

ansiedad

"Anxiety can affect performance."

B2/C1

mood

estado de ánimo

"A walk can improve your mood."

B2/C1

mental health

salud mental

"Mental health is as important as physical health."

B2/C1

illness

enfermedad

"The illness forced him to miss work."

B2/C1

disease

enfermedad

"The disease spread quickly."

B2/C1

condition

afección / condición

"Asthma is a common respiratory condition."

B2/C1

symptom

síntoma

"A high temperature is a common symptom."

B2/C1

diagnosis

diagnóstico

"The diagnosis was confirmed by a specialist."

B2/C1

treatment

tratamiento

"The treatment lasted six weeks."

B2/C1

medicine

medicina

"Take the medicine after meals."

B2/C1

medication

medicación

"The medication made him feel sleepy."

B2/C1

prescription

receta médica

"You need a prescription for this drug."

B2/C1

dose

dosis

"Do not exceed the recommended dose."

B2/C1

side effect

efecto secundario

"Dizziness is a possible side effect."

B2/C1

doctor

médico

"You should see a doctor if the pain continues."

B2/C1

nurse

enfermero

"The nurse checked his blood pressure."

B2/C1

patient

paciente

"The patient recovered well after surgery."

B2/C1

appointment

cita

"I have a doctor's appointment tomorrow."

B2/C1

surgery

cirugía / operación

"The surgery was successful."

B2/C1

operation

operación

"He needed an operation on his knee."

B2/C1

emergency

emergencia

"Call an ambulance in an emergency."

B2/C1

ambulance

ambulancia

"The ambulance arrived within ten minutes."

B2/C1

hospital

"She spent two nights in hospital."

B2/C1

clinic

clínica

"The clinic offers free health checks."

B2/C1

check-up

revisión médica

"He has a check-up once a year."

B2/C1

blood pressure

presión arterial

"High blood pressure can be dangerous."

B2/C1

heart rate

frecuencia cardíaca

"The watch measures your heart rate."

B2/C1

breathing

respiración

"Deep breathing can reduce anxiety."

B2/C1

immune system

sistema inmunitario

"Sleep supports the immune system."

B2/C1

infection

infección

"The infection was treated with antibiotics."

B2/C1

allergy

alergia

"She has an allergy to peanuts."

B2/C1

asthma

asma

"Asthma can make intense exercise difficult."

B2/C1

diabetes

"Diabetes requires careful management."

B2/C1

cancer

cáncer

"Early detection of cancer can save lives."

B2/C1

stroke

ictus / derrame cerebral

"A stroke requires immediate medical attention."

B2/C1

heart disease

enfermedad cardíaca

"Smoking increases the risk of heart disease."

B2/C1

smoking

fumar / tabaquismo

"Smoking damages the lungs."

B2/C1

alcohol

"Excessive alcohol consumption harms the liver."

B2/C1

addiction

adicción

"Addiction can affect anyone."

B2/C1

prevention

prevención

"Prevention is better than cure."

B2/C1

risk

riesgo

"Lack of exercise increases the risk of illness."

B2/C1

safety

seguridad

"Safety equipment is essential in contact sports."

B2/C1

helmet

casco

"Always wear a helmet when cycling."

B2/C1

protective gear

equipo de protección

"Protective gear reduces the chance of injury."

B2/C1

healthy

saludable

"Healthy habits are built over time."

B2/C1

unhealthy

poco saludable

"An unhealthy lifestyle can cause long-term problems."

B2/C1

chronic

crónico

"She has been managing a chronic back condition for years."

B2/C1

acute

agudo

"He was admitted with acute chest pain."

B2/C1

terminal

"He was diagnosed with a terminal illness."

B2/C1

palliative care

cuidados paliativos

"Palliative care focuses on comfort rather than cure."

B2/C1

mindfulness

atención plena / mindfulness

"Mindfulness can help reduce anxiety and stress."

B2/C1

therapy

terapia

"She attends weekly therapy sessions."

B2/C1

counselling

orientación psicológica / asesoramiento

"The school offers free counselling to students."

B2/C1

resilience

resiliencia

"Resilience helps people recover from difficult experiences."

B2/C1

self-care

autocuidado

"Self-care is an important part of maintaining mental health."

B2/C1

sedentary

sedentario

"A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity."

B2/C1

gut health

salud intestinal

"Fermented foods can improve gut health."

B2/C1

inflammation

inflamación

"Chronic inflammation can lead to serious health problems."

B2/C1

wellbeing app

aplicación de bienestar

"Many people use wellbeing apps to track their mood."

B2/C1

personal trainer

entrenador personal

"She hired a personal trainer to help her reach her fitness goals."

B2/C1

body image

imagen corporal

"Social media can negatively affect body image."

🌲 Medioambiente y sostenibilidad

171 recursos

Vocabulario para abordar el cambio climático, desastres naturales, conservación de la fauna y sostenibilidad. Temática recurrente en Listening y Reading.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

environment

medio ambiente

"The environment must be protected for future generations."

B2/C1

nature

naturaleza

"Spending time in nature can reduce stress."

B2/C1

wildlife

vida salvaje

"Pollution threatens local wildlife."

B2/C1

ecosystem

ecosistema

"Every species plays a role in the ecosystem."

B2/C1

habitat

hábitat

"Many animals are losing their natural habitat."

B2/C1

species

especie

"Some species are at risk of extinction."

B2/C1

biodiversity

biodiversidad

"Biodiversity is essential for a healthy planet."

B2/C1

conservation

conservación

"Conservation projects protect endangered animals."

B2/C1

preservation

preservación

"The preservation of forests is a global priority."

B2/C1

protection

protección

"Environmental protection requires international cooperation."

B2/C1

sustainability

sostenibilidad

"Sustainability is now a key business goal."

B2/C1

sustainable

sostenible

"We need more sustainable ways to produce energy."

B2/C1

renewable

renovable

"Solar power is a renewable source of energy."

B2/C1

non-renewable

no renovable

"Coal is a non-renewable resource."

B2/C1

resource

recurso

"Water is one of our most valuable resources."

B2/C1

natural resource

recurso natural

"Oil is a natural resource with limited availability."

B2/C1

fossil fuel

combustible fósil

"Fossil fuels contribute to climate change."

B2/C1

coal

carbón

"Coal is still used to generate electricity."

B2/C1

oil

petróleo

"Oil spills can destroy marine ecosystems."

B2/C1

gas

"Gas prices rose during the winter."

B2/C1

solar energy

energía solar

"Solar energy is becoming cheaper."

B2/C1

wind power

energía eólica

"Wind power is common in coastal areas."

B2/C1

hydropower

energía hidroeléctrica

"Hydropower depends on rivers and reservoirs."

B2/C1

nuclear energy

energía nuclear

"Nuclear energy produces little carbon but creates waste."

B2/C1

electricity

electricidad

"Electricity demand increases during heatwaves."

B2/C1

emission

emisión

"Factories must reduce harmful emissions."

B2/C1

carbon dioxide

dióxido de carbono

"Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere."

B2/C1

greenhouse gas

gas de efecto invernadero

"Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas."

B2/C1

carbon footprint

huella de carbono

"Flying increases your carbon footprint."

B2/C1

climate change

cambio climático

"Climate change affects weather patterns worldwide."

B2/C1

global warming

calentamiento global

"Global warming is causing sea levels to rise."

B2/C1

temperature

temperatura

"Average global temperatures are increasing."

B2/C1

heatwave

ola de calor

"The heatwave lasted more than a week."

B2/C1

drought

sequía

"The drought damaged crops across the region."

B2/C1

flood

inundación

"Heavy rain caused a flood in the town."

B2/C1

storm

tormenta

"The storm damaged houses near the coast."

B2/C1

hurricane

huracán

"The hurricane forced thousands to evacuate."

B2/C1

wildfire

incendio forestal

"Wildfires are becoming more frequent."

B2/C1

deforestation

deforestación

"Deforestation destroys animal habitats."

B2/C1

logging

tala

"Illegal logging is a major threat to rainforests."

B2/C1

desertification

desertificación

"Desertification makes farming impossible in some areas."

B2/C1

erosion

erosión

"Soil erosion reduces agricultural productivity."

B2/C1

pollution

contaminación

"Air pollution affects millions of people."

B2/C1

air pollution

contaminación del aire

"Air pollution is linked to respiratory disease."

B2/C1

water pollution

contaminación del agua

"Water pollution can kill fish and plants."

B2/C1

noise pollution

contaminación acústica

"Noise pollution is common in large cities."

B2/C1

light pollution

contaminación lumínica

"Light pollution makes it hard to see stars."

B2/C1

waste

residuos / desperdicio

"Households produce too much waste."

B2/C1

rubbish

basura

"Rubbish was left all over the beach."

B2/C1

litter

basura tirada

"Litter makes public spaces unpleasant."

B2/C1

landfill

vertedero

"Most plastic waste ends up in landfill."

B2/C1

plastic

plástico

"Plastic bags can harm marine animals."

B2/C1

single-use

de un solo uso

"Single-use plastics should be reduced."

B2/C1

recycling

reciclaje

"Recycling helps save resources."

B2/C1

reuse

reutilizar

"Try to reuse bags instead of buying new ones."

B2/C1

reduce

reducir

"We must reduce unnecessary consumption."

B2/C1

repair

reparar

"Repairing devices is better than throwing them away."

B2/C1

compost

"Food waste can be turned into compost."

B2/C1

biodegradable

"Biodegradable packaging breaks down naturally."

B2/C1

organic

orgánico

"Organic farming avoids many chemicals."

B2/C1

chemical

químico

"Some chemicals pollute rivers."

B2/C1

toxic

tóxico

"Toxic waste must be handled carefully."

B2/C1

pesticide

pesticida

"Pesticides can harm bees."

B2/C1

fertiliser

fertilizante

"Fertilisers can contaminate water sources."

B2/C1

soil

suelo / tierra

"Healthy soil is essential for farming."

B2/C1

crop

cultivo

"The drought destroyed many crops."

B2/C1

agriculture

agricultura

"Agriculture uses a large amount of water."

B2/C1

farming

agricultura / ganadería

"Sustainable farming protects the land."

B2/C1

livestock

ganado

"Livestock farming produces methane."

B2/C1

harvest

cosecha

"The harvest was poor due to lack of rain."

B2/C1

food chain

cadena alimentaria

"Plastic pollution can enter the food chain."

B2/C1

marine

marino

"Marine life is threatened by plastic waste."

B2/C1

ocean

océano

"The ocean absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide."

B2/C1

sea level

nivel del mar

"Sea levels are rising due to melting ice."

B2/C1

glacier

glaciar

"The glacier is melting rapidly."

B2/C1

iceberg

"Icebergs break away from glaciers."

B2/C1

Arctic

Ártico

"The Arctic is warming faster than many regions."

B2/C1

rainforest

selva tropical

"The rainforest contains incredible biodiversity."

B2/C1

forest

bosque

"Forests absorb carbon dioxide."

B2/C1

tree

árbol

"Planting trees can help restore damaged land."

B2/C1

plant

planta

"Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis."

B2/C1

animal

"Many animals depend on clean water."

B2/C1

endangered

en peligro de extinción

"The tiger is an endangered species."

B2/C1

extinct

extinto

"Some animals became extinct due to hunting."

B2/C1

threatened

amenazado

"Threatened species need urgent protection."

B2/C1

invasive species

especie invasora

"Invasive species can damage local ecosystems."

B2/C1

poaching

caza furtiva

"Poaching is a major threat to elephants."

B2/C1

hunting

caza

"Illegal hunting must be punished."

B2/C1

overfishing

sobrepesca

"Overfishing damages marine ecosystems."

B2/C1

fish stock

población de peces

"Fish stocks are declining in some areas."

B2/C1

protected area

área protegida

"The island was declared a protected area."

B2/C1

national park

parque nacional

"The national park attracts many visitors."

B2/C1

reserve

reserva natural

"The reserve protects rare birds."

B2/C1

urbanisation

urbanización

"Urbanisation can destroy green spaces."

B2/C1

city planning

planificación urbana

"Good city planning reduces traffic and pollution."

B2/C1

public transport

transporte público

"Public transport reduces the number of cars."

B2/C1

traffic

tráfico

"Traffic congestion increases emissions."

B2/C1

congestion

congestión

"Congestion is a daily problem in big cities."

B2/C1

cycle lane

carril bici

"More cycle lanes encourage people to cycle."

B2/C1

pedestrian

peatón

"Pedestrian areas make cities more pleasant."

B2/C1

electric vehicle

vehículo eléctrico

"Electric vehicles produce no exhaust emissions."

B2/C1

hybrid car

coche híbrido

"A hybrid car uses both fuel and electricity."

B2/C1

fuel

combustible

"Fuel prices affect transport costs."

B2/C1

energy-efficient

eficiente energéticamente

"Energy-efficient appliances save money."

B2/C1

insulation

aislamiento

"Good insulation reduces heating costs."

B2/C1

heating

calefacción

"Heating uses a lot of energy in winter."

B2/C1

air conditioning

aire acondicionado

"Air conditioning increases electricity demand."

B2/C1

consumption

consumo

"Reducing consumption is essential for sustainability."

B2/C1

consumerism

consumismo

"Consumerism creates unnecessary waste."

B2/C1

overconsumption

consumo excesivo

"Overconsumption damages the environment."

B2/C1

fast fashion

moda rápida

"Fast fashion produces huge amounts of waste."

B2/C1

ethical

ético

"Ethical brands treat workers fairly."

B2/C1

eco-friendly

ecológico

"Eco-friendly products are becoming more popular."

B2/C1

green

ecológico / verde

"The company wants to appear more green."

B2/C1

greenwashing

ecopostureo / lavado verde

"Greenwashing misleads consumers about sustainability."

B2/C1

awareness

concienciación

"Environmental awareness has increased among young people."

B2/C1

campaign

campaña

"The campaign encouraged people to save water."

B2/C1

activist

activista

"The activist spoke about climate justice."

B2/C1

protest

protesta

"Students joined a climate protest."

B2/C1

policy

política / medida

"The policy aims to reduce emissions."

B2/C1

agreement

acuerdo

"Countries signed an international climate agreement."

B2/C1

target

objetivo

"The government set a target to cut emissions."

B2/C1

commitment

compromiso

"The company made a commitment to become carbon neutral."

B2/C1

carbon neutral

neutro en carbono

"The event claimed to be carbon neutral."

B2/C1

net zero

cero emisiones netas

"Many countries aim to reach net zero by 2050."

B2/C1

offset

compensar emisiones

"Some airlines allow passengers to offset their emissions."

B2/C1

adaptation

adaptación

"Climate adaptation is necessary in coastal cities."

B2/C1

mitigation

mitigación

"Mitigation focuses on reducing emissions."

B2/C1

resilience

resiliencia

"Communities need resilience against extreme weather."

B2/C1

disaster

desastre

"The disaster destroyed hundreds of homes."

B2/C1

evacuation

evacuación

"The evacuation was organised before the storm arrived."

B2/C1

shortage

escasez

"Water shortages are becoming more common."

B2/C1

scarcity

escasez

"Resource scarcity can lead to conflict."

B2/C1

clean water

agua potable

"Access to clean water is a basic human need."

B2/C1

sanitation

saneamiento

"Poor sanitation spreads disease."

B2/C1

renewable energy

energía renovable

"Renewable energy is essential for a cleaner future."

B2/C1

circular economy

economía circular

"A circular economy aims to reduce waste."

B2/C1

supply chain

cadena de suministro

"Sustainable supply chains are difficult to monitor."

B2/C1

environmental impact

impacto ambiental

"Every product has an environmental impact."

B2/C1

carbon tax

impuesto al carbono

"A carbon tax can discourage pollution."

B2/C1

subsidy

subvención

"Subsidies can support renewable energy."

B2/C1

ban

prohibición

"The ban on plastic straws reduced waste."

B2/C1

restriction

restricción

"Water restrictions were introduced during the drought."

B2/C1

fine

multa

"Factories can receive fines for polluting rivers."

B2/C1

responsibility

responsabilidad

"We all share responsibility for the planet."

B2/C1

future generations

generaciones futuras

"We must protect the planet for future generations."

B2/C1

environmentalist

ecologista

"Environmentalists warned about the impact of the new road."

B2/C1

climate crisis

crisis climática

"The climate crisis requires urgent global action."

B2/C1

air quality

calidad del aire

"Air quality improves when traffic is reduced."

B2/C1

water supply

suministro de agua

"The water supply was affected by the drought."

B2/C1

reforestation

reforestación

"Reforestation can help restore damaged ecosystems."

B2/C1

emission reduction

reducción de emisiones

"Emission reduction is a priority for many governments."

B2/C1

sustainable development

desarrollo sostenible

"Sustainable development balances growth and environmental protection."

B2/C1

natural disaster

desastre natural

"A natural disaster can destroy infrastructure in minutes."

B2/C1

ecological

ecológico

"The project caused serious ecological damage."

B2/C1

climate policy

política climática

"Climate policy must be based on scientific evidence."

B2/C1

microplastics

microplásticos

"Microplastics have been found in drinking water worldwide."

B2/C1

ocean acidification

acidificación del océano

"Ocean acidification threatens coral reefs."

B2/C1

eco-anxiety

ecoansiedad

"Many young people experience eco-anxiety about the future."

B2/C1

green economy

economía verde

"The green economy creates jobs while protecting the environment."

B2/C1

climate refugee

refugiado climático

"Rising sea levels are creating climate refugees."

B2/C1

habitat loss

pérdida de hábitat

"Habitat loss is the main cause of species decline."

B2/C1

rewilding

rewilding / recuperación de ecosistemas

"Rewilding projects are restoring natural habitats across Europe."

B2/C1

carbon capture

captura de carbono

"Carbon capture technology removes CO2 from the atmosphere."

B2/C1

tipping point

punto de inflexión

"Scientists warn we are approaching a climate tipping point."

B2/C1

feedback loop

bucle de retroalimentación

"Melting ice creates a feedback loop that accelerates warming."

B2/C1

environmental justice

justicia ambiental

"Environmental justice ensures all communities are protected equally."

B2/C1

biodegradable packaging

envase biodegradable

"Supermarkets are switching to biodegradable packaging."

B2/C1

species extinction

extinción de especies

"Human activity is the main driver of species extinction."

B2/C1

just transition

transición justa

"A just transition protects workers affected by the move to clean energy."

B2/C1

solar panel

panel solar

"Solar panels can significantly reduce electricity bills."

📚 Educación y aprendizaje

186 recursos

Términos para hablar sobre métodos de estudio, el sistema educativo y la adquisición de habilidades académicas.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

education

educación

"Education can change a person's future."

B2/C1

learning

aprendizaje

"Learning a language takes time and practice."

B2/C1

teaching

enseñanza

"Good teaching makes difficult ideas easier."

B2/C1

school

colegio / escuela

"The school offers extra English classes."

B2/C1

college

instituto / universidad según contexto

"She went to college in Manchester."

B2/C1

university

universidad

"University life can be challenging and exciting."

B2/C1

campus

"The campus has a modern library."

B2/C1

classroom

aula

"The classroom was full of students."

B2/C1

lecture

clase magistral / conferencia

"The lecture lasted two hours."

B2/C1

seminar

seminario

"The seminar encouraged discussion."

B2/C1

workshop

taller

"The workshop focused on speaking skills."

B2/C1

course

curso

"The course lasts twelve weeks."

B2/C1

subject

asignatura

"Maths was his favourite subject."

B2/C1

module

módulo / asignatura

"This module includes a final project."

B2/C1

lesson

lección / clase

"The lesson focused on vocabulary."

B2/C1

curriculum

plan de estudios

"The curriculum includes literature and grammar."

B2/C1

syllabus

temario

"The syllabus lists all the topics for the exam."

B2/C1

teacher

profesor

"The teacher explained the grammar clearly."

B2/C1

professor

profesor universitario

"The professor published an article on language learning."

B2/C1

tutor

"My tutor helped me plan the essay."

B2/C1

lecturer

profesor universitario

"The lecturer gave us useful reading material."

B2/C1

student

estudiante

"The student revised every evening."

B2/C1

pupil

alumno escolar

"The pupils worked in pairs."

B2/C1

classmate

compañero de clase

"My classmates helped me prepare for the presentation."

B2/C1

graduate

graduado

"Graduates often look for internships."

B2/C1

undergraduate

estudiante universitario de grado

"She is an undergraduate studying biology."

B2/C1

postgraduate

estudiante de posgrado

"Postgraduate students often do research."

B2/C1

degree

título universitario

"He completed a degree in engineering."

B2/C1

master's degree

máster

"She is applying for a master's degree."

B2/C1

PhD

doctorado

"He is doing a PhD in linguistics."

B2/C1

qualification

título / cualificación

"This job requires a professional qualification."

B2/C1

certificate

certificado

"She received a certificate after finishing the course."

B2/C1

diploma

"The diploma proves that he completed the programme."

B2/C1

exam

examen

"The exam was harder than expected."

B2/C1

test

prueba / examen

"We have a vocabulary test on Friday."

B2/C1

assessment

evaluación

"Continuous assessment reduces exam pressure."

B2/C1

assignment

tarea / trabajo

"The assignment must be submitted online."

B2/C1

homework

deberes

"I finished my homework before dinner."

B2/C1

project

proyecto

"The project involved researching climate change."

B2/C1

essay

redacción / ensayo

"Her essay was well structured."

B2/C1

report

informe

"The report included several graphs."

B2/C1

presentation

presentación

"The presentation lasted ten minutes."

B2/C1

research

investigación

"Academic research requires reliable sources."

B2/C1

source

fuente

"Always cite your sources."

B2/C1

reference

referencia

"The reference list appears at the end."

B2/C1

bibliography

bibliografía

"The bibliography included twenty books."

B2/C1

plagiarism

plagio

"Plagiarism is a serious academic offence."

B2/C1

quote

cita

"Use a quote only when it supports your argument."

B2/C1

argument

argumento

"The argument was clear and convincing."

B2/C1

evidence

pruebas / evidencia

"Use evidence to support your ideas."

B2/C1

analysis

análisis

"The analysis showed a deep understanding of the topic."

B2/C1

conclusion

conclusión

"The conclusion summarised the main points."

B2/C1

introduction

introducción

"The introduction should catch the reader's attention."

B2/C1

paragraph

párrafo

"Each paragraph should develop one idea."

B2/C1

draft

borrador

"The first draft needed several changes."

B2/C1

feedback

comentarios / retroalimentación

"The teacher gave detailed feedback."

B2/C1

mark

nota

"She got a high mark in the exam."

B2/C1

grade

calificación / nota

"His final grade was excellent."

B2/C1

result

resultado

"The results will be published tomorrow."

B2/C1

score

puntuación

"He achieved a high score in listening."

B2/C1

pass

aprobar

"She passed the exam with confidence."

B2/C1

fail

suspender

"He failed because he did not revise enough."

B2/C1

resit

repetir un examen

"Students can resit the exam in September."

B2/C1

revise

repasar

"I need to revise grammar before the test."

B2/C1

revision

repaso

"Revision is easier with a clear plan."

B2/C1

study

estudiar

"She studies for two hours every day."

B2/C1

learn

aprender

"Children learn quickly when they are motivated."

B2/C1

memorise

memorizar

"It is difficult to memorise long lists of words."

B2/C1

understand

entender

"I understand the rule now."

B2/C1

comprehension

comprensión

"Reading comprehension improves with practice."

B2/C1

knowledge

conocimiento

"Knowledge of vocabulary is essential for fluency."

B2/C1

skill

habilidad

"Writing is a skill that improves with practice."

B2/C1

ability

capacidad

"The ability to think critically is valuable."

B2/C1

talent

talento

"Talent helps, but effort matters more."

B2/C1

effort

esfuerzo

"Her effort was reflected in her results."

B2/C1

progress

progreso

"He made great progress in speaking."

B2/C1

improvement

mejora

"There has been a clear improvement in her pronunciation."

B2/C1

achievement

logro

"Passing the exam was a major achievement."

B2/C1

success

éxito

"Success requires preparation."

B2/C1

failure

fracaso

"Failure can teach important lessons."

B2/C1

motivation

motivación

"Motivation can disappear without clear goals."

B2/C1

discipline

disciplina

"Discipline helps students study regularly."

B2/C1

concentration

concentración

"Noise affects my concentration."

B2/C1

focus

enfoque / concentración

"You need more focus during revision."

B2/C1

attention

atención

"Pay attention to the instructions."

B2/C1

curiosity

curiosidad

"Curiosity makes learning more enjoyable."

B2/C1

creativity

creatividad

"Creativity is important in problem solving."

B2/C1

critical thinking

pensamiento crítico

"Critical thinking helps students evaluate information."

B2/C1

problem-solving

resolución de problemas

"Problem-solving is useful in every subject."

B2/C1

reasoning

razonamiento

"Logical reasoning is essential in mathematics."

B2/C1

memory

memoria

"Memory improves with repetition."

B2/C1

practice

práctica

"Regular practice is the best way to improve."

B2/C1

fluency

fluidez

"Fluency comes with repeated speaking practice."

B2/C1

accuracy

precisión

"Accuracy is important in formal writing."

B2/C1

pronunciation

pronunciación

"Good pronunciation makes speech clearer."

B2/C1

grammar

gramática

"Grammar helps organise ideas correctly."

B2/C1

vocabulary

vocabulario

"A wide vocabulary improves communication."

B2/C1

spelling

ortografía

"English spelling can be difficult."

B2/C1

punctuation

puntuación

"Correct punctuation makes writing easier to read."

B2/C1

essay writing

redacción de ensayos

"Essay writing requires planning."

B2/C1

note-taking

toma de apuntes

"Note-taking helps students remember key ideas."

B2/C1

summary

resumen

"A summary should include only the main ideas."

B2/C1

outline

esquema

"Create an outline before writing the essay."

B2/C1

mind map

mapa mental

"A mind map can organise vocabulary by topic."

B2/C1

flashcard

tarjeta de estudio

"Flashcards are useful for memorising words."

B2/C1

dictionary

diccionario

"Use a dictionary to check pronunciation."

B2/C1

thesaurus

diccionario de sinónimos

"A thesaurus helps you avoid repetition."

B2/C1

resource

recurso

"The website offers free learning resources."

B2/C1

material

"The teacher uploaded extra materials."

B2/C1

textbook

libro de texto

"The textbook includes grammar exercises."

B2/C1

notebook

cuaderno

"She wrote new words in her notebook."

B2/C1

worksheet

ficha de ejercicios

"The worksheet focused on word formation."

B2/C1

exercise

ejercicio

"The exercise tested prepositions."

B2/C1

task

tarea

"The task was to compare two pictures."

B2/C1

activity

actividad

"The activity encouraged students to speak."

B2/C1

debate

"The debate helped students express opinions."

B2/C1

discussion

discusión / debate

"The discussion was lively and interesting."

B2/C1

question

pregunta

"The question was difficult to answer."

B2/C1

answer

respuesta

"Write your answer in complete sentences."

B2/C1

explanation

explicación

"The explanation was clear and simple."

B2/C1

example

ejemplo

"Give an example to support your point."

B2/C1

instruction

instrucción

"Follow the instructions carefully."

B2/C1

requirement

requisito

"Attendance is a requirement of the course."

B2/C1

deadline

fecha límite

"The deadline for the essay is Monday."

B2/C1

submission

entrega

"Late submission may reduce your mark."

B2/C1

attendance

asistencia

"Attendance is important for participation."

B2/C1

absence

ausencia

"His absence affected his final grade."

B2/C1

scholarship

beca

"She received a scholarship to study abroad."

B2/C1

grant

ayuda / subvención

"The research project received a government grant."

B2/C1

tuition fees

tasas universitarias

"Tuition fees have increased again."

B2/C1

loan

préstamo

"Some students need a loan to pay for university."

B2/C1

internship

prácticas

"The internship gave her real work experience."

B2/C1

placement

prácticas / puesto temporal

"The course includes a work placement."

B2/C1

training

formación

"Teacher training lasts one year."

B2/C1

apprenticeship

aprendizaje profesional

"An apprenticeship combines work and study."

B2/C1

career prospects

perspectivas laborales

"The degree offers good career prospects."

B2/C1

employability

empleabilidad

"Languages improve employability."

B2/C1

academic

académico

"Academic writing is formal and precise."

B2/C1

theoretical

teórico

"The course includes theoretical and practical content."

B2/C1

practical

práctico

"Practical tasks help students apply knowledge."

B2/C1

compulsory

obligatorio

"English is a compulsory subject."

B2/C1

optional

opcional

"Students can choose two optional modules."

B2/C1

advanced

avanzado

"This is an advanced grammar course."

B2/C1

intermediate

intermedio

"The class is suitable for intermediate learners."

B2/C1

beginner

principiante

"Beginner students need simple explanations."

B2/C1

lifelong learning

aprendizaje permanente

"Lifelong learning is essential in a changing world."

B2/C1

self-study

autoestudio

"Self-study requires organisation."

B2/C1

independent learning

aprendizaje autónomo

"Independent learning prepares students for university."

B2/C1

distance learning

educación a distancia

"Distance learning is convenient for working adults."

B2/C1

online course

curso online

"The online course includes video lessons."

B2/C1

face-to-face

presencial

"Face-to-face classes encourage interaction."

B2/C1

blended learning

aprendizaje mixto

"Blended learning combines online and classroom activities."

B2/C1

peer

compañero / igual

"Peer feedback can be very useful."

B2/C1

collaboration

colaboración

"Collaboration helps students learn from each other."

B2/C1

teamwork

trabajo en equipo

"Teamwork is common in project-based learning."

B2/C1

participation

participación

"Participation counts towards the final grade."

B2/C1

debating skills

habilidades de debate

"Debating skills are useful in speaking exams."

B2/C1

confidence

confianza

"Confidence improves with practice."

B2/C1

anxiety

ansiedad

"Exam anxiety is common among students."

B2/C1

pressure

presión

"Students often feel pressure before final exams."

B2/C1

stress

estrés

"Too much stress can harm performance."

B2/C1

time management

gestión del tiempo

"Good time management prevents last-minute panic."

B2/C1

organisation

organización

"Organisation is essential during exam season."

B2/C1

priority

prioridad

"Revision should be a priority this week."

B2/C1

strategy

estrategia

"A clear strategy makes studying more effective."

B2/C1

method

método

"Everyone needs to find a study method that works."

B2/C1

technique

técnica

"This technique helps improve memory."

B2/C1

approach

enfoque

"A communicative approach helps students speak naturally."

B2/C1

standard

nivel / estándar

"The standard of work was very high."

B2/C1

level

nivel

"The course is aimed at C1 level."

B2/C1

CEFR

MCER

"The CEFR describes language levels from A1 to C2."

B2/C1

inclusive education

educación inclusiva

"Inclusive education ensures all students have equal opportunities."

B2/C1

learning disability

dificultad de aprendizaje

"Students with learning disabilities need additional support."

B2/C1

dyslexia

dislexia

"Dyslexia affects reading and writing skills."

B2/C1

standardised testing

pruebas estandarizadas

"Standardised testing is controversial in the education system."

B2/C1

extracurricular

extraescolar

"Extracurricular activities develop important life skills."

B2/C1

academic integrity

integridad académica

"Academic integrity means doing your own work honestly."

B2/C1

citation

cita / referencia

"Every citation must include the author and date."

B2/C1

growth mindset

mentalidad de crecimiento

"A growth mindset encourages students to embrace challenges."

B2/C1

peer learning

aprendizaje entre iguales

"Peer learning encourages students to teach each other."

B2/C1

multilingualism

multilingüismo

"Multilingualism is increasingly valued in the job market."

B2/C1

bilingual

bilingüe

"The school offers a bilingual education programme."

B2/C1

learning outcome

resultado de aprendizaje

"Each module has clear learning outcomes."

B2/C1

formative assessment

evaluación formativa

"Formative assessment helps teachers adjust their teaching."

B2/C1

critical literacy

alfabetización crítica

"Critical literacy skills help students evaluate information."

B2/C1

tuition

clases particulares / enseñanza

"She received private tuition to prepare for the exam."

🎨 Arte, cultura y entretenimiento

65 recursos

Vocabulario sobre arte, literatura, cine, música y patrimonio cultural. Esencial para temas de ocio y cultura en el examen.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

artwork

obra de arte

"The artwork was displayed in a gallery downtown."

B2/C1

exhibition

exposición

"The exhibition attracted thousands of visitors."

B2/C1

gallery

galería

"The gallery focuses on contemporary photography."

B2/C1

sculpture

escultura

"The sculpture was carved from a single block of marble."

B2/C1

portrait

retrato

"The portrait captured the subject's personality perfectly."

B2/C1

landscape painting

pintura de paisaje

"The museum has a large collection of landscape paintings."

B2/C1

abstract

abstracto

"Abstract art can be open to many interpretations."

B2/C1

masterpiece

obra maestra

"The Sistine Chapel ceiling is considered a masterpiece."

B2/C1

aesthetic

estética / estético

"The film has a distinctive visual aesthetic."

B2/C1

contemporary

contemporáneo

"Contemporary art often challenges traditional ideas."

B2/C1

heritage

patrimonio

"The city's cultural heritage attracts millions of tourists."

B2/C1

tradition

tradición

"The festival celebrates local traditions."

B2/C1

folklore

folclore

"Folklore reflects the beliefs and customs of a community."

B2/C1

symbol

símbolo

"The dove is a universal symbol of peace."

B2/C1

icon

icono / referente

"The building has become an icon of modern architecture."

B2/C1

genre

género

"He reads mainly in the crime fiction genre."

B2/C1

novel

novela

"Her debut novel won several literary prizes."

B2/C1

author

autor

"The author spoke about her writing process at the festival."

B2/C1

plot

trama / argumento

"The plot was complex but kept the reader engaged."

B2/C1

character

personaje

"The main character undergoes a dramatic transformation."

B2/C1

theme

tema

"Identity is a recurring theme in her work."

B2/C1

narrative

narrativa

"The narrative style is unusual and captivating."

B2/C1

biography

biografía

"The biography covers his entire career."

B2/C1

poetry

poesía

"Poetry allows you to express complex emotions."

B2/C1

prose

prosa

"His prose is clear and precise."

B2/C1

metaphor

metáfora

"The author uses the sea as a metaphor for uncertainty."

B2/C1

imagery

imaginería

"The poem is full of vivid imagery."

B2/C1

critic

crítico

"The film received mixed reactions from critics."

B2/C1

premiere

estreno

"The film had its world premiere at Cannes."

B2/C1

director

"The director won the award for best feature film."

B2/C1

screenplay

guión

"The screenplay was adapted from a bestselling novel."

B2/C1

soundtrack

banda sonora

"The soundtrack adds emotional depth to the film."

B2/C1

documentary

documental

"The documentary explored the impact of social media."

B2/C1

animation

animación

"The animation studio produced several award-winning films."

B2/C1

stage

escenario

"The actor stepped onto the stage for the final act."

B2/C1

performance

actuación

"Her performance received a standing ovation."

B2/C1

rehearsal

ensayo

"The rehearsal took place every evening for three weeks."

B2/C1

applause

aplausos

"The audience broke into applause at the end."

B2/C1

venue

lugar / recinto

"The venue can hold three thousand people."

B2/C1

festival

"The music festival attracts artists from around the world."

B2/C1

album

álbum

"The band released their fourth album this year."

B2/C1

lyrics

letra

"The lyrics explore themes of loss and recovery."

B2/C1

melody

melodía

"The melody stayed in her head all day."

B2/C1

rhythm

ritmo

"The rhythm of the track made everyone want to dance."

B2/C1

composer

compositor

"The composer wrote the score for three major films."

B2/C1

orchestra

orquesta

"The orchestra performed Beethoven's Fifth Symphony."

B2/C1

conductor

director de orquesta

"The conductor guided the musicians with precision."

B2/C1

choir

coro

"The choir sang at the ceremony."

B2/C1

choreography

coreografía

"The choreography was spectacular and original."

B2/C1

audience

público / audiencia

"The audience was silent throughout the performance."

B2/C1

inspire

inspirar

"The painting inspired a generation of young artists."

B2/C1

depict

representar / plasmar

"The mural depicts scenes from the city's history."

B2/C1

portray

retratar / representar

"The film portrays the complexity of family relationships."

B2/C1

convey

transmitir

"The poem conveys a deep sense of longing."

B2/C1

provoke

provocar

"The artwork is designed to provoke thought and debate."

B2/C1

controversial

polémico

"The exhibition was controversial but widely attended."

B2/C1

appreciate

apreciar

"Learning about art history helps you appreciate paintings."

B2/C1

cultural identity

identidad cultural

"Cultural identity can be expressed through language and art."

B2/C1

censorship

censura

"Censorship of art is controversial in many countries."

B2/C1

interpret

interpretar

"Different people interpret the same painting very differently."

B2/C1

canvas

lienzo

"The artist worked on a large canvas."

B2/C1

sketch

boceto / esbozo

"She made a quick sketch before starting the final piece."

B2/C1

perspective

perspectiva

"The photograph offers an unusual perspective."

B2/C1

contrast

contraste

"The artist uses contrast to highlight the subject."

B2/C1

influence

influencia

"Jazz has had a lasting influence on modern music."

🧳 Viajes y turismo

45 recursos

Términos sobre viajes, itinerarios, alojamiento, transporte y experiencias culturales. Muy frecuente en partes de Speaking y Writing.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

destination

destino

"Paris is one of the most popular tourist destinations."

B2/C1

itinerary

itinerario

"They planned a detailed itinerary before the trip."

B2/C1

accommodation

alojamiento

"The accommodation was clean and affordable."

B2/C1

hostel

albergue

"She stayed in a hostel to save money."

B2/C1

resort

complejo turístico

"The resort offered a wide range of water sports."

B2/C1

booking

reserva

"She made a booking online in advance."

B2/C1

check-in

facturación / registro de entrada

"Check-in is available from midday."

B2/C1

sightseeing

turismo / visitas

"They spent the morning sightseeing in the old quarter."

B2/C1

landmark

monumento / punto de referencia

"The Eiffel Tower is one of the world's most famous landmarks."

B2/C1

guided tour

visita guiada

"A guided tour provided fascinating historical context."

B2/C1

currency

moneda

"It is useful to exchange currency before travelling."

B2/C1

exchange rate

tipo de cambio

"The exchange rate was favourable."

B2/C1

visa

visado

"She applied for a visa three months in advance."

B2/C1

customs

aduana

"We declared all our goods at customs."

B2/C1

baggage

equipaje

"The airline lost her baggage."

B2/C1

carry-on

equipaje de mano

"Carry-on bags must fit in the overhead compartment."

B2/C1

layover

escala

"We had a four-hour layover in Amsterdam."

B2/C1

jet lag

desfase horario / jet lag

"Jet lag can take several days to overcome."

B2/C1

backpacker

mochilero

"Backpackers often travel on a tight budget."

B2/C1

package holiday

viaje organizado

"A package holiday takes the stress out of planning."

B2/C1

cruise

crucero

"They went on a Mediterranean cruise."

B2/C1

excursion

excursión

"The excursion to the volcano was unforgettable."

B2/C1

culture shock

choque cultural

"Moving to a new country can cause culture shock."

B2/C1

souvenir

recuerdo

"She bought souvenirs for her family."

B2/C1

guidebook

guía de viaje

"The guidebook recommended several hidden restaurants."

B2/C1

altitude

altitud

"The altitude made breathing difficult."

B2/C1

eco-tourism

ecoturismo

"Eco-tourism aims to protect local ecosystems."

B2/C1

sustainable travel

turismo sostenible

"More travellers are choosing sustainable travel options."

B2/C1

travel insurance

seguro de viaje

"Travel insurance is strongly recommended."

B2/C1

embassy

embajada

"The embassy can help if you lose your passport."

B2/C1

heritage site

lugar patrimonio de la humanidad

"The heritage site attracts millions of tourists each year."

B2/C1

ruins

ruinas

"The ruins date back more than two thousand years."

B2/C1

scenic

pintoresco

"The scenic coastal road is worth the extra time."

B2/C1

panoramic

panorámico

"The panoramic view from the summit was breathtaking."

B2/C1

off the beaten track

fuera de las rutas turísticas

"They preferred destinations off the beaten track."

B2/C1

immerse

sumergirse

"She wanted to immerse herself in local culture."

B2/C1

hospitality

hospitalidad

"The hospitality of the locals made the trip special."

B2/C1

homesick

con añoranza / nostálgico

"She felt homesick during her first week abroad."

B2/C1

broaden horizons

ampliar horizontes

"Travelling is one of the best ways to broaden your horizons."

B2/C1

transit

tránsito

"Transit passengers must remain in the designated area."

B2/C1

departures lounge

sala de embarque

"The departures lounge was crowded."

B2/C1

pilgrimage

peregrinación

"Thousands of people make the pilgrimage each year."

B2/C1

road trip

viaje por carretera

"A road trip through Andalusia was their best holiday."

B2/C1

adventure tourism

turismo de aventura

"Adventure tourism includes activities like bungee jumping."

B2/C1

voluntourism

volunturismo

"Voluntourism combines travel with community service."

🔬 Ciencia e investigación

45 recursos

Léxico avanzado sobre experimentos, hipótesis, descubrimientos, genética y avances científicos. Útil para lecturas técnicas e informes.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

experiment

experimento

"The experiment was repeated three times to confirm the results."

B2/C1

hypothesis

hipótesis

"The hypothesis was supported by the data."

B2/C1

theory

teoría

"The theory was revised after new evidence emerged."

B2/C1

discovery

descubrimiento

"The discovery changed our understanding of the universe."

B2/C1

findings

hallazgos / resultados

"The findings were published in a leading scientific journal."

B2/C1

evidence

evidencia / pruebas

"The evidence strongly supported the new theory."

B2/C1

data

datos

"The data was collected over a five-year period."

B2/C1

analysis

análisis

"The analysis revealed surprising patterns."

B2/C1

observation

observación

"Careful observation is essential in scientific research."

B2/C1

sample

muestra

"The sample size was large enough to be reliable."

B2/C1

variable

"The researcher controlled several variables."

B2/C1

control group

grupo de control

"The control group received a placebo."

B2/C1

laboratory

laboratorio

"The experiment was carried out in a sterile laboratory."

B2/C1

DNA

ADN

"DNA testing can identify genetic conditions."

B2/C1

genetics

genética

"Genetics has transformed modern medicine."

B2/C1

evolution

evolución

"Evolution explains how species change over time."

B2/C1

molecule

molécula

"The molecule was analysed using advanced techniques."

B2/C1

atom

átomo

"Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter."

B2/C1

chemical reaction

reacción química

"A chemical reaction produced an unexpected colour change."

B2/C1

gravity

gravedad

"Gravity keeps planets in orbit around the sun."

B2/C1

solar system

sistema solar

"The solar system consists of eight planets."

B2/C1

astronomy

astronomía

"Astronomy has advanced significantly with modern telescopes."

B2/C1

breakthrough

avance importante / hito

"The treatment was a major medical breakthrough."

B2/C1

peer review

revisión por pares

"Research must pass peer review before publication."

B2/C1

clinical trial

ensayo clínico

"The clinical trial tested a new cancer treatment."

B2/C1

statistics

estadísticas

"Statistics can be used to support or challenge arguments."

B2/C1

survey

encuesta

"A survey of two thousand people was conducted."

B2/C1

prototype

prototipo

"The prototype was tested under extreme conditions."

B2/C1

simulation

simulación

"Computer simulations help predict complex outcomes."

B2/C1

nanotechnology

nanotecnología

"Nanotechnology is used in medical treatments."

B2/C1

biotechnology

biotecnología

"Biotechnology is transforming medicine and agriculture."

B2/C1

quantum computing

computación cuántica

"Quantum computing could solve problems beyond current capability."

B2/C1

telescope

telescopio

"The telescope allowed scientists to observe distant stars."

B2/C1

microscope

microscopio

"The microscope revealed cells invisible to the naked eye."

B2/C1

formula

fórmula

"The formula was derived from earlier research."

B2/C1

equation

ecuación

"The equation describes the relationship between force and mass."

B2/C1

physicist

físico

"The physicist developed a new model of particle behaviour."

B2/C1

biologist

biólogo

"The biologist studied the effects of pollution on marine life."

B2/C1

ethical approval

aprobación ética

"All research involving people requires ethical approval."

B2/C1

grant

subvención / beca de investigación

"The project received a research grant from the government."

B2/C1

publication

publicación

"The publication received international attention."

B2/C1

questionnaire

cuestionario

"Participants completed a detailed questionnaire."

B2/C1

organism

organismo

"Some organisms can survive extreme temperatures."

B2/C1

cell

célula

"Every living organism is made up of cells."

B2/C1

gene

gen

"Certain genes can increase susceptibility to disease."

🍳 Alimentación y cocina

45 recursos

Vocabulario sobre nutrición, cocina, gastronomía y hábitos alimentarios tradicionales y modernos.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

flavour

sabor

"The soup has a rich, smoky flavour."

B2/C1

texture

textura

"The dessert had a smooth, creamy texture."

B2/C1

aroma

"The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen."

B2/C1

seasoning

condimento / aliño

"Add seasoning to taste."

B2/C1

spice

especia

"Cumin is a common spice in Middle Eastern cooking."

B2/C1

herb

hierba aromática

"Fresh herbs add flavour to any dish."

B2/C1

sauce

salsa

"The pasta was served with a rich tomato sauce."

B2/C1

marinade

marinada / adobo

"The chicken soaked in the marinade overnight."

B2/C1

garnish

guarnición / adorno

"The dish was garnished with fresh parsley."

B2/C1

cuisine

cocina / gastronomía

"Italian cuisine is enjoyed worldwide."

B2/C1

gastronomy

gastronomía

"The region is known for its exceptional gastronomy."

B2/C1

culinary

culinario

"She developed her culinary skills at a cooking school in Lyon."

B2/C1

grill

parrilla / a la plancha

"The vegetables were cooked on the grill."

B2/C1

roast

asado

"A roast chicken is a classic Sunday meal."

B2/C1

simmer

cocinar a fuego lento

"Simmer the sauce for thirty minutes."

B2/C1

blend

mezclar / licuar

"Blend all the ingredients until smooth."

B2/C1

ferment

fermentar

"Fermented foods are beneficial for gut health."

B2/C1

organic

orgánico / ecológico

"Organic produce is grown without artificial pesticides."

B2/C1

locally sourced

de producción local

"The restaurant uses locally sourced ingredients."

B2/C1

seasonal

de temporada

"Seasonal produce is often cheaper and tastier."

B2/C1

vegan

vegano

"The café offers a wide range of vegan options."

B2/C1

vegetarian

vegetariano

"A vegetarian diet can be nutritionally complete."

B2/C1

gluten-free

sin gluten

"The bakery sells gluten-free bread."

B2/C1

intolerance

intolerancia

"Lactose intolerance is increasingly common."

B2/C1

additive

aditivo

"Some additives can cause allergic reactions."

B2/C1

preservative

conservante

"The product contains no artificial preservatives."

B2/C1

street food

comida callejera

"Street food is one of the best ways to experience local culture."

B2/C1

delicacy

manjar / especialidad

"Truffle is considered a culinary delicacy."

B2/C1

staple food

alimento básico

"Rice is a staple food in much of Asia."

B2/C1

takeaway

comida para llevar

"They ordered a takeaway instead of cooking."

B2/C1

Michelin star

estrella Michelin

"The restaurant recently earned its first Michelin star."

B2/C1

food critic

crítico gastronómico

"The food critic gave the restaurant an outstanding review."

B2/C1

food waste

desperdicio alimentario

"Food waste is a major environmental and social problem."

B2/C1

food security

seguridad alimentaria

"Food security is a growing concern worldwide."

B2/C1

farm-to-table

de la granja a la mesa

"The farm-to-table concept promotes local, fresh produce."

B2/C1

dietary requirements

requisitos dietéticos

"Please inform us of any dietary requirements in advance."

B2/C1

portion size

tamaño de la ración

"Reducing portion sizes can help manage weight."

B2/C1

calorie count

recuento calórico

"The menu now includes a calorie count for each dish."

B2/C1

fusion cuisine

cocina fusión

"Fusion cuisine combines elements from different culinary traditions."

B2/C1

course

plato / servicio

"A three-course meal includes a starter, main and dessert."

B2/C1

buffet

bufet

"The hotel offers a breakfast buffet."

B2/C1

reservation

reserva

"I made a reservation for two at eight o'clock."

B2/C1

bill

cuenta

"They split the bill between four people."

B2/C1

tip

propina

"It is customary to leave a tip in restaurants."

B2/C1

waiter

camarero

"The waiter recommended the fish dish."

🏠 Vida urbana y vivienda

45 recursos

Conceptos sobre urbanismo, vivienda, habitabilidad, infraestructuras y vida en la ciudad moderna.

Vocabulario por temas

B2/C1

suburb

barrio residencial periférico

"The family moved to the suburbs for more space."

B2/C1

neighbourhood

vecindario / barrio

"The neighbourhood has several parks and schools."

B2/C1

district

distrito

"The business district is busy during the week."

B2/C1

outskirts

afueras

"The factory is located on the outskirts of the city."

B2/C1

urban

urbano

"Urban areas tend to have better public transport."

B2/C1

rural

"Rural communities face different challenges from cities."

B2/C1

metropolitan

metropolitano

"The metropolitan area includes several surrounding towns."

B2/C1

infrastructure

infraestructura

"The city needs to invest in its infrastructure."

B2/C1

traffic congestion

congestión de tráfico

"Traffic congestion is a daily problem in the city."

B2/C1

pedestrian zone

zona peatonal

"The pedestrian zone was extended last year."

B2/C1

green space

zona verde

"Green spaces improve quality of life in cities."

B2/C1

high-rise

edificio alto / rascacielos

"High-rise buildings dominate the city skyline."

B2/C1

apartment block

bloque de pisos

"She lives in an apartment block near the centre."

B2/C1

terraced house

casa adosada

"Terraced houses are common in British cities."

B2/C1

detached house

casa unifamiliar independiente

"A detached house offers more privacy and garden space."

B2/C1

landlord

propietario / casero

"The landlord increased the rent significantly."

B2/C1

tenant

inquilino

"Tenants must give one month's notice before leaving."

B2/C1

mortgage

hipoteca

"Taking out a mortgage is a major financial commitment."

B2/C1

property

propiedad / inmueble

"Property prices have risen sharply in recent years."

B2/C1

renovation

reforma / renovación

"The renovation took six months and cost more than expected."

B2/C1

amenity

instalación / servicio

"The area offers excellent amenities."

B2/C1

gentrification

gentrificación

"Gentrification is changing the character of the neighbourhood."

B2/C1

affordable housing

vivienda asequible

"The lack of affordable housing is a serious social problem."

B2/C1

social housing

vivienda social

"Social housing provides accommodation for lower-income families."

B2/C1

planning permission

permiso de obras / licencia urbanística

"Planning permission for the development was refused."

B2/C1

demolition

demolición

"The demolition of the old factory was controversial."

B2/C1

urban regeneration

regeneración urbana

"Urban regeneration transformed the former industrial area."

B2/C1

community centre

centro comunitario

"The community centre offers free activities for all ages."

B2/C1

town hall

ayuntamiento

"The protest gathered outside the town hall."

B2/C1

local council

ayuntamiento / concejo local

"The local council approved the new development plan."

B2/C1

population density

densidad de población

"High population density puts pressure on services."

B2/C1

commuter

persona que viaja al trabajo

"Commuters face long delays every rush hour."

B2/C1

rush hour

hora punta

"The underground is packed during rush hour."

B2/C1

street lighting

alumbrado público

"Street lighting was improved to increase safety."

B2/C1

broadband

banda ancha

"Fast broadband is now available in most urban areas."

B2/C1

smart city

ciudad inteligente

"Smart city technology monitors traffic and energy use in real time."

B2/C1

waste management

gestión de residuos

"Waste management services have improved significantly."

B2/C1

utility bill

factura de servicios

"Utility bills have risen sharply this winter."

B2/C1

cost of living

coste de vida

"The cost of living in London is very high."

B2/C1

migration

migración

"Internal migration has reshaped many cities."

B2/C1

council tax

impuesto municipal

"Council tax rates vary depending on the area."

B2/C1

eviction

desalojo / desahucio

"The family faced eviction after falling behind on rent."

B2/C1

homelessness

falta de hogar

"Homelessness is visible in every major city."

B2/C1

urban sprawl

expansión urbana descontrolada

"Urban sprawl is consuming agricultural land."

B2/C1

zoning

zonificación

"Zoning laws determine what can be built in each area."

Vocabulario

No hemos encontrado esa palabra

💼 Empleo y economía

📱 Tecnología y comunicación

👵 Salud, deporte y estilo de vida

🌲 Medioambiente y sostenibilidad

📚 Educación y aprendizaje

🎨 Arte, cultura y entretenimiento

🧳 Viajes y turismo

🔬 Ciencia e investigación

🍳 Alimentación y cocina

🏠 Vida urbana y vivienda

🎮 Quiz de Vocabulario

Resultado

No hemos encontrado esa palabra

🏙️ Problemas sociales

💼 Empleo y economía

📱 Tecnología y comunicación

👵 Salud, deporte y estilo de vida

🌲 Medioambiente y sostenibilidad

📚 Educación y aprendizaje

🎨 Arte, cultura y entretenimiento

🧳 Viajes y turismo

🔬 Ciencia e investigación

🍳 Alimentación y cocina

🏠 Vida urbana y vivienda

🎮 Quiz de Vocabulario

Resultado